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href="/article.html">技術(shù)文章</a> > 實(shí)驗室常用耗材的使用注意事項要知道</div> </div> <div id="jvnv7rb" class="ny_content_bd"> <div id="pndlffr" class="w1200 clear ny_newsdetail"> <h1 class="ny_newsdetail_title">實(shí)驗室常用耗材的使用注意事項要知道</h1> <div id="hhd7bbr" class="ny_newsdetail_tips">更新時(shí)間：2022-04-06 點(diǎn)擊次數：1916</div> <div id="x7ldj5h" class="ny_newsdetail_con"> <p style="margin-bottom:14px;text-align:left;background:white"><strong><span style="font-size:22px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#222222;letter-spacing:1px">實(shí)驗室常用耗材的使用注意事項要知道</span></strong></p><p><strong><span style="font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:white;letter-spacing:1px;background:#00BBEC"><br/></span></strong></p><p><strong><span style="font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:white;letter-spacing:1px;background:#00BBEC">一</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#145EC3;letter-spacing:1px">液相色譜柱</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family: '微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">關(guān)于色譜柱的安裝、維護、保存以及由色譜柱導致的這樣那樣的色譜故障也是一門(mén)學(xué)問(wèn)。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family: '微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">高效液相色譜柱的正確使用包含：加裝保護柱，過(guò)濾流動(dòng)相和樣品，凈化樣品，避免過(guò)高的柱壓，注意溫度和酸堿度，正確及時(shí)的沖洗等。</span></p><h3 style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left: 8px;margin-bottom:0;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px;font-weight:normal">關(guān)于液相色譜柱的使用注意事項，一般有以下</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px;font-weight: normal">6</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px;font-weight:normal">個(gè)要點(diǎn)：</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px;font-weight: normal"> </span></h3><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#145EC3;letter-spacing:2px">1.</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#145EC3;letter-spacing:2px">加裝保護柱</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family: '微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">保護柱的作用是過(guò)濾掉來(lái)自流動(dòng)相和樣品的化學(xué)</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">“</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">拉圾</span><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">"</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">同時(shí)也可以有效除去流動(dòng)相和樣品中的不溶物。盡管現在的色譜儀在流動(dòng)相吸入口、進(jìn)樣閥后部以及在色譜柱的兩端都裝有不同孔徑的濾器</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">,</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">但濾器只能除去不溶性顆粒而不能除去化學(xué)污染</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">,</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">因此</span><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">,</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">加裝保護柱是必要的</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">,</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">特別是在分析中藥、中成藥等復雜混合物和生物樣品時(shí)更是保護分析柱</span>的措施。</p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family: '微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">保護柱填料應與分析柱一致</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">,</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">粒徑可較分析柱大。保護柱屬消耗品</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">,</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">經(jīng)過(guò)一定次數的樣品分析</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">(50</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">～</span><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">100</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">次</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">)</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">后</span><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">,</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">出現柱壓顯著(zhù)升高或峰形變壞或基線(xiàn)漂移時(shí)</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">,</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">應考慮更換保護柱。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#145EC3;letter-spacing:2px">2.</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#145EC3;letter-spacing:2px">過(guò)濾流動(dòng)相和樣品</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family: '微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">流動(dòng)相通常由水或緩沖溶液與有機溶劑混合而成</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">,</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">原則上</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">,</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">所有經(jīng)過(guò)色譜柱的流動(dòng)相均應過(guò)濾</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">,</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">但在實(shí)際操作上應視具體情況而有所區別</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">:</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">當有機溶劑用色譜純級</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">,</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">水用石英亞沸水或其它超純水時(shí)</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">,</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">在能確保水和有機溶劑的質(zhì)量且沒(méi)有受到污染時(shí)</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">,</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">過(guò)濾并無(wú)更多實(shí)際意義。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family: '微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">當流動(dòng)相中含有緩沖鹽時(shí)</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">,</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">則過(guò)濾是必要的</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">,</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">如前所述</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">,</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">當緩沖溶液放置一段時(shí)間</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">(</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">視環(huán)境溫度不同而異</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">,</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">夏季一般不超過(guò)</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">48 h,</span><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">冬季一般不超過(guò)一周</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">)</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">后</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">,</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">在使用前還應重新過(guò)濾。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family: '微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">所配制的樣品試液在注入流路系統前均要經(jīng)濾膜過(guò)濾。要注意區分水系和油系</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">,</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">二者不可混用</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">,</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">以防止濾膜溶解而造成污染。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family: '微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">裝流動(dòng)相的容器和色譜系統中的在線(xiàn)濾器要定期清洗和更換</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">,</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">以避免濾器因過(guò)載而起不到過(guò)濾作用。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#145EC3;letter-spacing:2px">3.</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#145EC3;letter-spacing:2px">凈化樣品</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family: '微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">當樣品中含有對色譜柱有損害的化學(xué)成分</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">,</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">如產(chǎn)生</span>性吸附的蛋白質(zhì)、糖等有機分子和強吸附性物質(zhì)<span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">,</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">以及可能對柱填料產(chǎn)生破壞作用的基團離子。在進(jìn)樣前應盡可能對樣品進(jìn)行分離提純以除去多余雜質(zhì)組分。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#145EC3;letter-spacing:2px">4.</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#145EC3;letter-spacing:2px">避免過(guò)高柱壓</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family: '微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">雖然高效液相色譜柱能耐受的壓力可達</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">6000 p si (</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">磅</span><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">/</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">平方英寸</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">) ,</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">但過(guò)高及過(guò)大的壓力變化均會(huì )縮短色譜柱的壽命</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">,</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">避免的方法是</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">(1)</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">柱壓過(guò)高時(shí)</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">,</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">盡可能采用較小的流速</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">,</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">以不超過(guò)柱最大允許壓力的一半為宜。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">(2)</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">當流速較大時(shí)</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">,</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">應采取流速梯度的辦法使流速分步到位。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">(3)</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">使用手動(dòng)進(jìn)樣閥時(shí)</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">,</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">進(jìn)樣閥的切換要盡可能的快。否則超過(guò)</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">20%</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">的壓力沖擊會(huì )很快使柱報廢。當使用多柱聯(lián)用時(shí)</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">,</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">柱切換要避免在高壓下進(jìn)行。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#145EC3;letter-spacing:2px">5.</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#145EC3;letter-spacing:2px">注意溫度和酸堿度</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family: '微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">一般以硅膠為基質(zhì)的色譜柱最高使用溫度不超過(guò)</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">60</span><span style="font-size:15px;color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">℃</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">,</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">以低于</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">40</span><span style="font-size:15px;color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">℃</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">為宜</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">,</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">特別是在流動(dòng)相</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">pH</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">接近使用限度時(shí)</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">,</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">更應降低使用溫度。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family: '微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">溫度過(guò)高會(huì )加快鍵合相的水解和硅膠的溶解</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">,</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">從而使填料性質(zhì)改變</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">,</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">柱床塌陷</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">,</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">降低柱效</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">,</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">改變峰形。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family: '微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">目前的鍵合硅膠色譜柱標示的</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">pH</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">適用范圍可達</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">2</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">～</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">10,</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">但在實(shí)際使用時(shí)應避免</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">pH</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">條件</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">,</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">特別是在偏堿性的條件</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">(pH≥8)</span><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">下使用</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px"> ,</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">如必須要在</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">pH</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">條件下使用時(shí)</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">,</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">可通過(guò)以下方法避免柱損害</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">:</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">(1)</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">在泵和進(jìn)樣閥之間加裝預柱</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">(</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">飽和柱</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">)</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">來(lái)飽和流動(dòng)相</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">(2)</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">降低使用溫度</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">(3)</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">檢驗完畢后立即用與所使用的流動(dòng)相互相混溶的</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">“</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">溫和溶劑</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">"</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">*清洗。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#145EC3;letter-spacing:2px">6.</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#145EC3;letter-spacing:2px">正確及時(shí)的沖洗</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family: '微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">開(kāi)始試驗前</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">,</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">應了解柱中當前是何種溶劑。對于新色譜柱</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">,</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">如無(wú)特殊說(shuō)明均為評價(jià)報告中所用流動(dòng)相。柱中當前溶劑一定要與分析樣品所用流動(dòng)相互溶</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">,</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">如不能混溶</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">,</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">要用與二者均能相互混溶的第三種溶劑過(guò)渡。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px"><br/></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px"></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><strong><span style="font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:white;letter-spacing:1px;background:#00BBEC">二</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#145EC3;letter-spacing:1px">氣相色譜柱</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family: '微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">為了避免柱后被沖開(kāi)和柱內擔體塌陷</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">,</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">通氣時(shí)緩慢升至所需柱前壓。為避免檢測器被污染</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">,</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">老化時(shí)請不要將色譜柱和檢測器相連。當柱箱溫度高于室溫時(shí)</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">, </span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">載氣中少量氧會(huì )損壞色譜柱內的固定相</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">, </span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">載氣必須采用脫氧管進(jìn)一步脫氧</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">(</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">建議所用載氣中氧氣含量不要超過(guò)</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">1ppm) </span><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family: '微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">安裝色譜柱時(shí)</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">,</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#145EC3;letter-spacing:2px"> </span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#145EC3;letter-spacing:2px">產(chǎn)品牌號應面向操作者</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">, </span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">左側為色譜柱的進(jìn)樣口。拆卸色譜柱時(shí)</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">,</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#145EC3;letter-spacing:2px"> </span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#145EC3;letter-spacing:2px">應先將柱溫降至室溫</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#145EC3;letter-spacing:2px">, </span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#145EC3;letter-spacing:2px">然后再關(guān)載氣</span> <span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#145EC3;letter-spacing:2px">。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family: '微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">使用毛細管色譜柱時(shí)的注意事項</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family: '微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">毛細管色譜柱在氣相色譜儀分析中是一個(gè)核心部分</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">,</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">正確使用毛細管色譜柱對氣相色譜儀分析結果的準確性和延長(cháng)毛細管色譜柱的使用壽命至關(guān)重要</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">:</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">載氣必須采用脫氧管進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步脫氧</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px"> (</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">建議所用載氣中氧氣含量不要超過(guò)</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">PPM) ;</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">拆卸色譜柱時(shí)先要將柱溫降至室溫</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">,</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">然后再關(guān)載氣</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">;</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family: '微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">安裝完色譜柱后</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">,</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#145EC3;letter-spacing:2px"> </span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#145EC3;letter-spacing:2px">要先通載氣將柱內的空氣置換干凈后再升柱溫</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">;</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">儀器載氣管路使用金屬管</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">,</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">使用前一定要進(jìn)行檢漏</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">;</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">請在不做分析時(shí)將柱溫降到</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">100</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">度以下</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">,</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">可延長(cháng)色譜柱使用壽命</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">;</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px"></span><br/></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><strong><span style="font-size:14px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:white;letter-spacing:1px;background:#00BBEC">三</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: '微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#145EC3;letter-spacing:1px">SPE</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#145EC3;letter-spacing:1px">固相萃取小柱</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><strong><span style="font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#145EC3;letter-spacing:1px"></span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">SPE</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">固相萃取柱適合不同體積樣品處理，</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">SPE</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">小柱也可根據客戶(hù)的需求加工定制。自產(chǎn)的</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">SPE</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">小柱回收率高、流速適中、吸附量大、重現性好、性?xún)r(jià)比高、比國內同類(lèi)產(chǎn)品有更高的重復性和一致性。在環(huán)境水體污染物的萃取、生命科學(xué)、食品農殘和獸殘以及動(dòng)植物提取等方面可以達到的效果。</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px"><br/> </span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">SPE</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">固相萃取柱的容量是指固相萃取柱填料的吸附量。對于以硅膠為基質(zhì)的固相萃取柱，其容量一般在</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">1~5 mg/100 mg</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">，也就是柱容量是填料質(zhì)量的</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">1%~5%</span><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">。而鍵合硅膠離子交換吸附劑填料的容量以</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">meq/g</span><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">表示，即每克填料的容量為</span><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">X</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">毫克當量。這類(lèi)填料的容量通常在</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">0.5~1.5 meq/g</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">。</span><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; color: rgb(101, 100, 102); letter-spacing: 2px;">SPE</span><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: 微軟雅黑, sans-serif; color: rgb(101, 100, 102); letter-spacing: 2px;">固相萃取柱為樣品分析前的儲備提供快速和有效的純化和濃縮，為使這些產(chǎn)品獲得</span><span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: 微軟雅黑, sans-serif; color: rgb(101, 100, 102); letter-spacing: 2px;">的分析結果需要注意以下四個(gè)方面：</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">1</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">、樣品的物理和化學(xué)特征：影響因素如被分析物相對與介質(zhì)的極性，帶電荷的官能團，溶解性，分子量，等等，決定了被分析物與填充床的結合強度。</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px"><br/> </span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">2</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">、選擇適當的保留方法：可能的方法有兩種：第一，被分析物不保留與填充床，而干擾物保留，如此純化了樣品。第二，被分析物保留與填充床，而干擾物不保留，或者在樣品洗脫前先從填充床上洗脫。當樣品需要濃縮時(shí)，常用的方法為第二種方法。</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px"><br/> </span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">3</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">、選擇適當的填充料和填充床大?。翰煌奶盍项?lèi)型提供不同的選擇性。填料類(lèi)型應最大的利用被分析物和樣品中的干擾物的結構差異。選擇有適當選擇性的填料能獲得最高的回收率和最高純度的樣品和提取物。當填充床的大小未經(jīng)優(yōu)化時(shí)，通常有回收率低的問(wèn)題。填充床太大時(shí)會(huì )導致洗脫不*，而填充床太小時(shí)會(huì )導致保留不*，兩種情況都是回收率比預期的低。</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px"><br/> </span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">4</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">、選擇合適的調節，沖洗和洗脫溶劑：必須注意各類(lèi)溶劑相對于填料的洗脫強度上樣的樣品調節溶劑應是沒(méi)有洗脫作用的</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">“</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">弱溶劑</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">"</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">，必須使用緩沖也來(lái)控制潛在的帶電荷化合物的離子化程度。沖洗溶劑應將弱保留的干擾物洗脫，但是洗脫強度不應太強而導致被分析物洗脫。洗脫溶劑的強度應足夠使被分析物在較小的體積下（</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">1-2ml</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">）*洗脫。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="color: rgb(101, 100, 102); font-family: 微軟雅黑, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; letter-spacing: 2px;">化合物在溶劑中的溶解性是一個(gè)重要的參數。一種溶劑如果不溶解被分析物而溶解樣品中的干擾物，那么它是一種的沖洗溶劑，但是不能作為洗脫溶劑。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">SPE</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">固相萃取柱產(chǎn)品用途：用于樣品的預處理，通過(guò)樣品的分離，純化和濃縮，提高樣品進(jìn)行的液化、氣象分析的速度，去除雜志，延長(cháng)色譜設備的使用壽命，避免色譜系統的污染。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><br/></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><strong><span style="font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:white;letter-spacing:1px;background:#00BBEC"><br/></span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><strong><span style="font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:white;letter-spacing:1px;background:#00BBEC">四</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#145EC3;letter-spacing:1px">液體自動(dòng)進(jìn)樣器樣品瓶</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><strong><span style="font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#145EC3;letter-spacing:1px"></span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">1</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">、樣品瓶蓋要蓋緊，如果太松的話(huà)，進(jìn)樣針穿不透樣品瓶的瓶墊而把其插入瓶?jì)?，?huì )導致取樣失??；</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">2</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">、樣品瓶不要裝得過(guò)滿(mǎn)，一般來(lái)說(shuō)瓶?jì)纫好鎽３衷谄績(jì)热种叨纫韵?。如果液面過(guò)高，進(jìn)樣體積又比較大時(shí)，密封的樣品瓶?jì)纫桩a(chǎn)生負壓，影響進(jìn)樣針準確的抽取液體，甚至在針內產(chǎn)生氣泡，從而導致進(jìn)樣重復性不好；</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">3</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">、樣品寶貴或樣品量有*，可使用樣品瓶?jì)炔骞芑蚋呋厥章蕵悠菲?，也可調節取樣時(shí)樣品針尖的位置，以大限度的利用有限的樣品；</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">4</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">、針尖的位置下到離瓶底只有</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">0.5mm</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">時(shí)，要注意使用規格標準的樣品瓶，避免針尖戳到瓶底，損壞進(jìn)樣針；</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">5</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">、選用規格標準的樣品瓶，避免取樣出錯或失敗，甚至損傷進(jìn)樣針。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px"><br/></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px"></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><strong><span style="font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:white;letter-spacing:1px;background:#00BBEC">五</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#145EC3;letter-spacing:1px">針頭過(guò)濾器</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">1</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">、新的針頭過(guò)濾器必須用清潔劑清洗干凈洗凈后用高溫蒸汽殺菌、消毒、洗凈的濾器要放好，避免污染。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">2</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">、針頭過(guò)濾器使用前必須檢查配件和密封圈是否齊全，有無(wú)損壞，然后按要求把它裝好。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">3</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">、筒體的壓力表是液體壓力顯示表，如果是二級過(guò)濾，針頭過(guò)濾器壓力表指數稍少一些是正?，F象，使用時(shí)間越長(cháng)，他們的壓力會(huì )增大，流速減少，這說(shuō)明濾芯空隙大多已被堵塞，要沖洗或者更換新的過(guò)濾芯。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">4</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">、針頭過(guò)濾器的安裝時(shí)進(jìn)出口不要接反，管道濾器底板邊上的口是液體進(jìn)口處，管道接在濾芯插口的管子是干凈液體出口處。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">5</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">、濾芯插入口時(shí)，濾芯一定要垂直，插入口后壓板扣住翅片，扭緊螺絲不動(dòng)即可。接口的濾芯入口后，應旋轉</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">90</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">度卡緊，這是安裝中的關(guān)鍵，如果有一點(diǎn)不小心，就會(huì )達不到密封，容易漏水，就達不到你的使用要求。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">6</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">、新的濾芯是生產(chǎn)廠(chǎng)家在潔凈的生產(chǎn)廠(chǎng)房?jì)扔盟芰洗庋b的未使用切勿撕破塑料包裝，使用要求較高的濾芯，安裝好后要經(jīng)過(guò)高溫蒸汽殺菌消毒。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">7</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">、需要過(guò)濾的液體進(jìn)入時(shí)，應打開(kāi)針頭過(guò)濾器上面的放氣開(kāi)關(guān)，讓液體充滿(mǎn)柱體，否則過(guò)濾效果不好。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px"></span><br/></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><strong><span style="font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:white;letter-spacing:1px;background:#00BBEC">六</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#145EC3;letter-spacing:1px">離心管</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><br/></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family: '微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#145EC3;letter-spacing:2px">一、高速冷凍離心機</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">1. </span><span style="font-size:15px;color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">未經(jīng)過(guò)培訓和考核者不能使用。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">2. </span><span style="font-size:15px;color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">選擇合適的轉頭和轉速，絕不可*</span><span style="font-size:15px;color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">速使用。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">3. </span><span style="font-size: 15px;color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">選擇合適的溫度，通常</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">4</span><span style="font-size:15px;color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">℃</span><span style="font-size:15px;color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">，除有機溶劑外不要低于零下，以免冰凍，損壞離心管和轉頭。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">4. </span><span style="font-size: 15px;color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">轉頭使用前必須用擦孔棒將管空擦凈，并仔細檢查有無(wú)裂痕和孔底白斑。若有，轉頭報廢。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">5. </span><span style="font-size: 15px;color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">離心管內裝載的溶液量必須合適。不銹鋼管無(wú)蓋，只能裝</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">2/3</span><span style="font-size:15px;color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">，塑料管可裝至肩部。管蓋必須蓋嚴絕不允許漏液?？展茈x心會(huì )變形。塑料管使用有機溶劑必須符合規定。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">6. </span><span style="font-size: 15px;color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">離心管必須成對放置，必須嚴格平衡，偏差</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px"><0.1g </span><span style="font-size: 15px;color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">7. </span><span style="font-size: 15px;color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">不允許無(wú)轉頭空轉，放取轉頭必須用手柄以防轉頭滑落。轉頭要輕放、卡穩，旋下手柄時(shí)要用手扶住手柄只轉轉頭。轉頭蓋要蓋嚴，無(wú)蓋不準離心。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">8. </span><span style="font-size: 15px;color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">離心時(shí)不準打開(kāi)機蓋，不準扒扶在離心機上，如有異常聲音和振動(dòng)時(shí)立即停機。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">9. </span><span style="font-size: 15px;color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">轉頭使用后必須及時(shí)由轉頭艙中取出、擦干，用擦孔棒將管孔仔細擦凈。如有溶液溢出必須清洗干凈，擦凈轉頭艙內凝水，開(kāi)門(mén)晾干轉頭艙。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">10. </span><span style="font-size:15px;color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">使用離心機必須預約，用后必須登記。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;color:#145EC3;letter-spacing:2px">二、普通離心機</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px"><br/> 1. </span><span style="font-size:15px;color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">離心前必須仔細檢查轉頭各孔內有無(wú)異物。</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px"><br/> 2. </span><span style="font-size:15px;color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">離心管必須仔細平衡。</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px"><br/> 3. </span><span style="font-size:15px;color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">機艙內若不清潔，離心管要用塑料薄膜封口。</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px"><br/> 4. </span><span style="font-size:15px;color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">必須慢啟動(dòng)，然后加速。</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px"><br/> 5. </span><span style="font-size:15px;color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">離心時(shí)不準開(kāi)蓋。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><br/></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><strong><span style="font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:white;letter-spacing:1px;background:#00BBEC">七</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#145EC3;letter-spacing:1px">滴定管</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px"></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family: '微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">滴定管使用前必須試漏。方法是：滴定管活栓不涂油脂，注水至全容量，垂直靜置</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">15min</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">，所滲漏的水不超過(guò)最小分度值，即可使用。</span><span style="font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px"><br/> </span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">2</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">、向滴定管注入標準液時(shí)，應先用少量標準液把滴定管潤洗</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">2</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">～</span><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">3</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">次。注入標準液至</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">“0"</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">刻度以上幾厘米，如是酸式滴定管，轉動(dòng)活栓使溶液急速充滿(mǎn)尖嘴，并不得存有氣泡；如是堿式滴定管，將乳膠管向上彎曲，擠捏管內玻璃球，使溶液充滿(mǎn)膠管和玻璃尖嘴。調整滴定管內液，使其處于</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">“0"</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">刻度。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">3</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">、讀數時(shí)，滴定管必須保持垂直。裝好或放出溶液后，應靜置片刻，待附著(zhù)在內壁上的溶液流下之后再讀數。讀數者的視線(xiàn)必須與管內液面的最凹點(diǎn)處于同一水平線(xiàn)上。標準溶液如是深色（如</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">KMnO4</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">溶液），讀數時(shí)可以凹液面兩側最高處與視線(xiàn)處于同一水平線(xiàn)為準。最小分度如是</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">0.1mL</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">讀數時(shí)應估讀至</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">0.01mL</span><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">4</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">、滴定管用畢暫時(shí)不再使用時(shí)，應洗凈并擦凈活栓，在活栓處應墊一紙條，以防粘連。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px"><br/></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><strong><span style="font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:white;letter-spacing:1px;background:#00BBEC">八</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#145EC3;letter-spacing:1px">凍存管</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">1</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">、使用凍存管儲存樣本時(shí)，嚴格要求應把凍存管放入液氮的氣相層或冰箱中保存！如果凍存管儲存于液氮液體中，液氮有一定幾率會(huì )滲入凍存管內部，復蘇時(shí)液氮氣化導致管內外壓力不平衡，這樣極易造成凍存管的炸裂，并具有生物危害性。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">2</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">、操作凍存管復蘇，全程使用安全防護設備，建議穿實(shí)驗服、戴棉質(zhì)手套且在安全的實(shí)驗臺上進(jìn)行操作。條件允許情況下，請佩戴護目鏡或防護面罩。由于夏季室內溫度會(huì )高于冬季，請格外小心。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">3</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">、凍存細胞儲存過(guò)程中，凍存管的冷凍溫度須均勻。不均勻的受凍將會(huì )導致冰塞的產(chǎn)生，冰塞會(huì )抑制兩側的液體溫度傳遞進(jìn)而產(chǎn)生危險的高壓力并導致凍存管受損。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">4</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">、凍存的樣本量不要超過(guò)凍存管要求的最大工作體積。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><br/></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><strong><span style="font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:white;letter-spacing:1px;background:#00BBEC">九</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#145EC3;letter-spacing:1px;background:white">比色皿</span></strong></p><p style=";margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px"> 1</span><span style="font-size:15px;color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">．拿取比色皿時(shí)，只能用手指接觸兩側的毛玻璃，避免接觸光學(xué)面，用力不可過(guò)大。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;line-height:28px"><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">2</span><span style="font-size:15px;color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">．不得將光學(xué)面與硬物或臟物接觸。盛裝溶液時(shí)，高度為比色皿的</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">2/3</span><span style="font-size:15px;color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">處即可，光學(xué)面如有殘液可先用濾紙輕輕吸附，然后再用鏡頭紙或絲綢順著(zhù)同一方向擦拭。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;line-height:28px"><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">3</span><span style="font-size:15px;color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">．凡含有腐蝕玻璃的物質(zhì)的溶液，不得長(cháng)期盛放在比色皿中。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;line-height:28px"><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">4</span><span style="font-size:15px;color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">．比色皿在使用后，應立即用水沖洗干凈。必要時(shí)可用</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">1</span><span style="font-size:15px;color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">：</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">1</span><span style="font-size:15px;color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">的鹽酸浸泡，然后用水沖洗干凈。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;line-height:28px"><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">5</span><span style="font-size:15px;color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">．不能將比色皿放在火焰或電爐上進(jìn)行加熱或干燥箱內烘烤；</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;line-height:28px"><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">6</span><span style="font-size:15px;color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">．在測量時(shí)如對比色皿有懷疑，可自行檢測?？蓪⒉ㄩL(cháng)選擇在實(shí)際使用的波長(cháng)上，將一套比色皿都注入蒸餾水，將其中一只的透射比調至</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">95%</span><span style="font-size:15px;color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">（數顯儀器調置</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">100%</span><span style="font-size:15px;color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">）處，測量其它各只的透射比，凡透射比之差不大于</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">0.5%</span><span style="font-size:15px;color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">即可配套使用。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;line-height:28px"><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">7</span><span style="font-size:15px;color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">、比色皿換向后誤差可達</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">4</span><span style="font-size:15px;color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">％一</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">7</span><span style="font-size:15px;color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">％左右。所以在準確測量時(shí)；定要看準比色皿箭頭標志。如無(wú)標志，可作配套檢定后按方向在毛玻璃上端作上箭頭一致的標記。以避免操作時(shí)搞反。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;line-height:28px"><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">8</span><span style="font-size:15px;color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">、比色皿使用時(shí)請勿碰撞。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:17px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#222222;letter-spacing:1px"> </span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><strong><span style="font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:white;letter-spacing:1px;background:#00BBEC">十</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#145EC3;letter-spacing:1px;background:white">定性濾紙</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px"></span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family: '微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">定性濾紙是一種具有良好過(guò)濾性能的紙，定性濾紙紙質(zhì)疏松，對液體有強烈的吸收性能。分析實(shí)驗室常用濾紙作為過(guò)濾介質(zhì)，使溶液與固體分離。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family: '微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">由于定性濾紙的特性，從而實(shí)驗室和醫院，工廠(chǎng)等各行各業(yè)的一些過(guò)濾都會(huì )用到定性濾紙，也是因為這樣才讓定性濾紙產(chǎn)量直線(xiàn)上升。</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px"><br/> </span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family: '微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">定性濾紙在過(guò)濾的過(guò)程中應該注意的事項</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">,</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">一般情況下</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">,</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">定性濾紙使用都不會(huì )在高溫下進(jìn)行過(guò)濾的</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">,</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">這個(gè)溫度有一個(gè)限度只要不超過(guò)就行了</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">,</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">別外不要過(guò)濾熱的濃硫酸或硝酸溶液熱的酸性可以破壞定性濾紙的過(guò)濾效果</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">.<br/> </span></p><p style="margin-top:0;margin-right:8px;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8px;margin-bottom:0;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;line-height:28px;background:white"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family: '微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">一般采用自然過(guò)濾，利用濾紙體和截留固體微粒的能力，使液體和固體分離；</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px"><br/> </span></p><p style="margin: 0px 8px; text-align: justify; line-height: 28px; background: white;"><span style="font-size:15px;font-family: '微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">定性濾紙在過(guò)濾機器中的使用</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">,</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">濾紙的機械強度和韌性都較盡量少用抽濾的辦法過(guò)濾，如必須加快過(guò)濾速度，為防止穿濾而導致過(guò)濾失敗，在氣泵過(guò)濾時(shí)，可根據抽力大小在漏斗中疊放</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">2</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">～</span><span style="font-size: 15px;font-family:'Helvetica','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">3</span><span style="font-size:15px;font-family:'微軟雅黑','sans-serif';color:#656466;letter-spacing:2px">層濾紙，在用真空抽濾時(shí)，在漏斗上先墊一層致密濾布，再放濾紙過(guò)濾。</span></p> </div> <div id="rrjvn7z" class="ny_PrevNext"> <ul> <li>上一篇：<a href="/Article-2959414.html">有關(guān)PP凈氣型藥品柜的相關(guān)知識點(diǎn)介紹</a></li> <li>下一篇：<a 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